Acromonogram as lexico-compositional device, syllabic word or  rhyme repetition at  the junction of lines.

Allegory –(Gr. Allegoria), Aesopian  language, the description of a phenomenon concealed  in the description of another one, a device in fiction, a presentation of an abstract idea in the form of  a concrete image, "a life picture”,  an illustrative picture \ e.g. a fable character\

Alliteration – repetition of consonants or vowels at the beginning of  neighbouring words.

Allusion  (L. Alludere, to mention, to hint) a poetic reference, on the basis of mythology, literature

Anaphora ( Gr. Anaphora) – a stylistic device, repetition of word or phrases at the beginning of succeeding syntactical constructions

Anadiplosis –lexical repetition at the juncture of lines in a stanza or sentences.

Antithesis (Gr.antithesis) – the stylistic figure of contrast, a compositional device in text arrangement in belles-lettres non belles-lettres genres based on the opposition of meaning.

Antonomasia  (Gr. Antonomasia) -  a stylistic device, close to metonymy, based on the a)interchange of a proper name by periphrasis or an epithet e.g. the Great Admiral ( about Nelson) or  b) the use of a proper name  for the sake of generalization, e.g. Napoleon of the criminal world.

Anticlimax - a stylistic device, contrastive to gradation, i.e. gradual decrease in emotional and  compositional dynamics of the plot development in fiction

 Apokoinu construction (a blend of two sentences  into one when the connecting element  is omitted), e.g. I’m the first one saw her ( the double syntactical function of  the predicative of the first sentence ”the first one”, performing also the function of the subject of the second sentence.

Apophasis ( Gr.apophasis, negation) –  a stylistic device, based on concealing the real cause of communication, e.g.. I shan’t speak about your being rude but lying is quite out of the question.

Aposiopesis ( Gr.aposiopan to keep silence) is a stylistic device of a sudden pause, break  in  speech.

Apostrophe (Gr. epi, above, strepho, to address)  -  a stylistic device of intentional deviation from the narration,  with the purpose of address  to a living being or a thing,   for the sake of emphasis.

Assonance - repetition of  stressed vowels  within  the word combination or at its end as a type of incomplete rhyme.

because of impossibility or unwillingness of a speaker to go on speaking.

Asyndeton  - omission of conjunctions and connecting elements in a complex syntactical structure

Authology – the use of stylistically neutral words in their direct meanings.

Ballad  ( Fr. ballade) – an ancient folklore poetic work  intended for singing or as a rule to accompany a dance; a traditional ballad ( the author is not identifies) and modern ballad as an exquisite  work of poetry, consisting of three poetic stanzas and the fourth, containing a dedication or a generalization with and limited rhythmic pattern, i.e. the same  metre and rhyme in all the stanzas.

Bathos (Gr. Bathos, depth) – is a stylistic device of style denigration, a shift from elevated to low styles.

Burlesque (It. burla, a clown)- a comic playful genre in fiction aiming stylistic lowering, / serious is made comical, elavated  - low/.

Burden (Fr. Refrain) is a phrase, poetic line or strophe, reiterating in different text positions of a work of art.

Caesura  (L. caesura, division, stop) is cutting, rhythmical pause in the middle of verse line, often coinciding

with poetic pause: I shot an arrow// into the air.

Chiasmus (Gr.Chiasmos, reverse, cross composition) is reverse parallelism,  a stylistic figure of inversion in the second part

 of rhetorical period or syntactic construction.

Climax (Gr. climax) – the highest point  in the dynamics of  narration, a peak of emotional, artistic and esthetic tension.

Couplet (Fr. couplet)- a compositional form in poetry, which consists of  lines building up a stanza, or   two neigbouring  lines in a stanza,  similar in the amount of syllables, size and rhyme

Collision (L. collision, a blow, a clash)- a conflict, a clash of actors in a  work of art.

Consonance-  the coincidence of repeated consonants

Caricature (It. caricatura, a funny picture)- a comic description or a picture, breaking the proportions, characteristics of a portrayed object, event or phenomenon grotesquely.

Catharsis (Gr. katharsis, purification)- strong emotional impact ( fear, admiration, pathos… shared by the reader)    which results in a certain psychological state of purification, elevation.

Detachment - a syntactical stylistic device,  a certain degree of syntactical independence and consequently emphasis, acquired by a member of the sentence in positions, highlightened due to stress and intonation, as well as punctuation.

Dissonance  -  the coincidence of unstressed vowels and consonants while the stressed vowels  are different

Elegy (Gr. elegos, mourning poem) - a poem of subjective character, reflection, often a sad poem about unshared love.

Ellipsis (Gr. ellipsis, omission) is the omission of  one of the main members of the sentence for the sake of emphasis ( it should be differentiated from structural ellipsis  of the conversational style, used for the sake of compression and  to avoid repetition)

Emphasis -  particular (logic, emotional) significance of one or several elements, achieved by phonetic (intonation, stress), lexical (connotation, pragmatic lexical component, irregular semantics), syntactic (special constructions, inversion, parallelism) or compositional means (advancement).

Epigram - a short poetic work, often satirical interplay of events, ideas, usually ending  with an aphorism or a wise apothegm.

Epigraph (Gr.epi, on, grapho, to write) - a small quotation  preceding a text or its part.

Epilogue (Gr. epilogos, conclusion) - a concluding part of   a literary work, usually cut off  in time from the final events of  the narration.

Epistolary genres (L. epistola, a letter) -  literary works written in a letter form.

Epitaph (Gr, epi, above taphos, a grave)  - a  memorial inscription on the gravestone or monument.

Epithalame -  a wedding song, devoted to a fiancé and a fiancée.

Epithet – a stylistic device, a word or a phrase, expressing a property or characteristics of  a thing, phenomenon, presented in an imaginative form and reflecting a subjective, emotional attitude.

Epics (Gr. epos, a song) -  early epic poetry of pre-written period; heroic narrative poetry in the elevated style.

Essay (Fr.essai) - a sketch, a short composition in prose, the author’s reflections on a certain theme.

Euphemism (Gr. euphemeo, to speak politely) -  a stylistic device, containing a  substitute of an unpleasant, forbidden

by the etiquette, insulting, derogative  word by a neutral or more pleasant word or expression.

Euphony ( or instrumentation) -  the phonetic arrangement of the text creating a certain tonality; euphony as  sound harmony ( in its narrow sense).

Exposition (L. expositio, explaining) - events preceding the dramatic collision and the climax,  part of the literary composition of a work in fiction.

Fable (L. fabula, narration) - a simple short allegorical narrative, often about animals, containing a social maxime, based on evident exaggeration.

Farce ( Fr. farce) – a satirical dramatic genre, aimed at ridicule

Fiction – a branch of literature, narrative, such as novels, stories and romance.

Feulleton (Fr.feuilleton, a page) is a newspaper satiric genre, critique of the burning problem, event.

Framing  -  a repetition of a word, a phrase or a sentence in the beginning and in the end of a semantic group, a sentence, a line, stanza, paragraph, a whole text.

Gradation (L. Gradus, a step, growth) -  a compositional device based on the increase of  emotional and compositional dynamics in a work of fiction.

Grotesque (Fr. Grotesque)- a device of fantastic comic exaggeration which results in breaking the real form of  existence for a certain object.

Hyperbole (Gr. hyperbole, limit)- a stylistic device based om deliberate exxageration of a quality, quantity, size, dimension, etc., e.g. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old.

Imagery – a system of images in a work of art.

Inversion (L. inversio, transposition, shift)- a stylistic device of placing  a word or a phrase into an unusual syntactical position, as a rule for  the sake of expressiveness; emphatic inversion should be  distinguished from grammatical inversion, i.e. a change of a traditional model of  syntactical structure  to reveal a change in grammatical meaning or function.

Irony (Gr. eironeia, pretence, fraud)- a stylistic device, based  on an implicit contrastive change in the meaning of a word, a sentence, a part of text, while .

Limerick (Engl. Limerick)- a comic poem  which consists of 5 lines and  contains an absurd or a hyperbolized situation and  is, as a rule semantically formed on the basis of  a semantic blank.

Litotes / understatement ( Gr. litos, simple)- a stylistic device, based on the emphatic decrease or indication of   a scarce  amount of  positive quality against the  evidently negative background.

Melodrama (Fr. melodrame)- a romantic play or a play causing strong emotional reaction.

Memoirs (Fr. memoire, memory)- a literary work, the first- person narration,  presenting  events of the  personal experience of a narrator.

Metaphor (Gr. metaphora, transfer)- a stylistic device, a figurative stylistic nomination, a tranfer of meaning based on similarity of two objects  ( i.e. a word or a phrase denoting a certain object is used as a name of  another on the basis of their similarity); simple and sustained metaphors, genuine and  trite metaphors, e.g.  Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines.

Metre (metron, measure) - a certain rhythmic model, determined in poetry by the character and quantity of  feet in a line and produced by the currency and interchange of syntactic structures in prose.

Metonymy (Gr. metonymia, a change of a name)- a stylistic device, a figurative stylistic nomination, transfer of meaning based on contiguity,  when a word or a phrase denoting one object is used to denote another one on  the basis of their contiguity (the  relations of material and object, author and work, container and contents, sign and object of nomination, instrument and action, object and its function, part and  whole  - synecdoche as a type of metonymy) etc.: Sceptre and crown must tumble down \ And in the dust be equal made \  With the poor crooked scythe and spade

Monograph (Gr. Mono, one, grapho, I write)- a scientific work, limited to the investigation of  one  problem.

Mystery-play (L.mysterium)- a type of religious plays, popular in the Middle Ages, commonly based on bible or other religious tales.

Myth (Gr. mythos, legend, story)- ancient legends explaining natural phenomena and beliefs; they are based on the idea of  supernatural .

Novel (It. Novella) – a prosaic work of art of considerable volume, with  the common  plot, psychological characterization, dramatic conflict; autobiographic, biographic, detective, historical, political, romance, adventure, knavish, psychological, science-fiction, knight, women novels .

Ode (Gr. Oide, song)- a lyrical elevated work of poetry with a  common  rhythm  and metre model of a poetic stanza.

Onomatopoeia (Gr. onomatopoiia, word-building)- sound-imitation, a phonetic stylistic device, nomination, kou-kou, rustle, bah based on imitation of some quality of an object.

Oxymoron (Gr. oxys, sharp, moron, stupid)- a stylistic device, stylistic nomination assigning a non-compatible property to an object: elloquent  silence, terribly beautiful.

Outcome (Fr. denouement) -  events in the works of art, immediately following culmination, slump of tension.